Operating method for a hybrid vehicle

ABSTRACT

An operating method for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric motor for driving the vehicle and an internal combustion engine for power generation. Upon completion of the activation of a catalyst, the engine is operated in warm-up mode with a small throttle valve opening, and when the output of a water temperature gauge thereafter reaches a predetermined value and the warm-up operation has completed, the engine is operated with a large throttle valve opening for the power generation. Thus, the hybrid vehicle can enjoy improved exhaust gas characteristics and increased cruising range and power performances. If it is determined that the storage amount of a battery is smaller than a predetermined storage amount when a starter key is so operated as to stop the vehicle, an alarm lamp is lighted, thus informing the driver of engine operation, and the engine operation is continued until the predetermined battery storage amount is reached or a predetermine time elapses from the start of the engine operation, whereby the battery is reliably charged. Accordingly, the battery can be reliably charged with power necessary to start the vehicle, and the cruising range and power performances of the vehicle are improved.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle provided with anelectric motor used to drive the vehicle and an internal combustionengine for power generation. More particularly, the present invention isdirected to an operating method for an internal combustion engine forpower generation of a hybrid vehicle, which permits an increasedcruising range and improved power performances of the vehicle withoutabandoning an advantage of an electric vehicle and excellent exhaust gascharacteristics.

Recently, the regulations on exhaust gas from those vehicles which usean internal combustion engine as their drive source have been made morerigorous to tackle environmental pollution. In this respect, various newtechnologies have been developed. Electric vehicles, which use anelectric motor as their drive source and produce no exhaust gas, shouldbe ideal motor vehicles for reduction of the exhaust gas amount. Typicalelectric vehicles are designed so that a battery is used to supply theelectric motor with electric power. Naturally, however, the availablebattery capacity for each vehicle is limited, so that the powerperformances are poorer and the cruising range is shorter than those ofthe vehicles which use an internal combustion engine as the drivesource. In order to make the electric vehicles more popular, thesetechnical problems are expected to be solved.

Hybrid vehicles, which are furnished with a generator, driven by aninternal combustion engine, for battery charging, are believed to bepromising modern electric vehicles which can enjoy an increased cruisingrange.

Generally, hybrid vehicles are equipped with an exhaust gas purifier forimproving the emission characteristics of the engine. If, however, theengine operation is started for the battery charging before the catalystof the exhaust gas purifier is activated, the emission characteristicsof the engine are spoiled. Even in the ease where the engine operationis started after the catalyst is activated and properly functions, thepurifying effect of the catalyst is lowered due to a deviation of theair-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine from a stoichiometricratio, if the engine is in a cool state in which fuel evaporation is lowwhile the amount of fuel supply is corrected to a larger value. In suchcases, the emission characteristics are lowered.

In general, hybrid vehicles are designed so that the internal combustionengine for power generation is operated at a constant speed in order toimprove its exhaust gas characteristics and reduce its fuel consumption.During such a constant-speed operation of the engine, the amount ofelectric power generated by the generator driven by the engine issubstantially constant without regard to the operating state of thevehicle. Meanwhile, the vehicle is operated in various states. Thus, ina high-load operating state in which the electric motor for vehicledrive requires an increased electric power, the power generated by thegenerator may be smaller than the required electric power, making itnecessary to supply electric power from the battery. Accordingly, ifhigh-load operation is continued and the storage amount of the batterydecreases, the amount of power supplied from the battery to the electricmotor also decreases, thus lowering the power performances of thevehicle and shortening the cruising range. If the vehicle is stoppedwith the battery insufficiently charged, even the power supply to thecatalyst heater for catalyst activation may possibly fails at restart ofthe vehicle. In such cases, the exhaust gas purifier does not functionproperly, so that exhaust gas containing pollutant or noxious gases isdischarged from the engine when the engine is operated for the powergeneration.

In conventional hybrid vehicles, moreover, the operation of thepower-generation engine is stopped when the driver turns off the starterkey of the vehicle to stop the vehicle. Accordingly, when the starterkey is turned off and the engine operation stops, the battery chargingis forcibly terminated even though the engine had been operating forcharging the battery. Thus, the battery at that time remains in aninsufficiently charged state, possibly making it impossible to restartthe vehicle.

OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide an operating method fora hybrid vehicle provided with an electric motor used to drive thevehicle and an internal combustion engine for power generation, whichmethod permits improvement of the cruising range and power performancesof the vehicle, without abandoning an advantage of an electric vehiclehaving excellent exhaust gas characteristics.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an operatingmethod for a hybrid vehicle, which can ensure the exhaust gas purifyingeffect of an exhaust gas purifier mounted on the vehicle, increase thecruising range, and improve the power performances of the vehicle.

A still another object of the present invention is to provide anoperating method for a hybrid vehicle, which is capable of reliablymaintaining the storage amount of a battery necessary to start vehiclerunning, and permitting the vehicle to have an increased cruising rangeand improved power performances.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided anoperating method for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric motor fordriving the vehicle, a battery for supplying electric power to theelectric motor, a generator for charging the battery, an internalcombustion engine operatively isolated from the electric motor and usedto drive the generator, a starter for starting the internal combustionengine, and an exhaust gas purifier. This method comprises the steps of:determining by a controller whether drive of the internal combustionengine is requested; detecting the temperature of an exhaust purifyingcatalyst of the exhaust gas purifier by means of a catalyst temperaturesensor; and determining whether the detected temperature of the catalystis lower than a predetermined value. When it is determined that thedrive of the engine is requested and that the temperature of thecatalyst is lower than the predetermined value, a series of steps isexecuted under the control of the controller. The series of stepsincludes the steps of: stopping the internal combustion engine;supplying electric power to an electric heater for heating the catalyst,thereby heating the electric heater; and starting the internalcombustion engine by the starter when the temperature of the catalystbecomes higher than the predetermined value.

Preferably, the operating method for a hybrid vehicle further includesthe step of determining whether a warm-up operation (run the engine toincrease engine temperature to a certain level of the internalcombustion engine is completed, and power generation of the generator bymeans of the internal combustion engine is started when it is determinedthat the warm-up operation of the internal combustion engine iscompleted.

Preferably, the internal combustion engine is operated in an operatingcondition in which an amount of fuel consumed by the internal combustionengine is small.

Preferably, the operating method for a hybrid vehicle further includesthe step of detecting the storage amount of the battery, and powergeneration, by means of the internal combustion engine, for charging thebattery is continued under the control of the controller, if the storageamount of the battery at an instant at which the vehicle is stopped issmaller than a predetermined value. More preferably, the powergeneration by means of the internal combustion engine for charging thebattery, effected after the vehicle is stopped, is continued until thestorage amount of the battery becomes greater than the predeterminedvalue. Alternatively, the power generation by means of the internalcombustion engine for charging the battery, effected after the vehicleis stopped, is continued for a predetermined period of time. Morepreferably, information indicating that the internal combustion engineis in operation is given under the control of the controller, while thepower generation, by means of the internal combustion engine, forcharging the battery is continued after the vehicle is stopped.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is providedan operating method for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric motor fordriving the vehicle, a vehicle drive battery for supplying electricpower to the electric motor, a generator for charging the vehicle drivebattery, an internal combustion engine operatively isolated from theelectric motor and used to drive the generator, a starter for startingthe internal combustion engine, and an exhaust gas purifier. This methodcomprises the steps of: determining by a controller whether drive of theinternal combustion engine is requested; detecting the temperature of anexhaust purifying catalyst of the exhaust gas purifier by means of acatalyst temperature sensor; and determining whether the detectedtemperature of the catalyst is lower than a predetermined value. When itis determined that the drive of the engine is requested and that thetemperature of the catalyst is lower than the predetermined value, aseries of steps is executed under the control of the controller. Theseries of steps includes: stopping the internal combustion engine;supplying electric power from a heater battery to an electric heater forheating the catalyst, thereby heating the electric heater; and startingthe internal combustion engine by the starter when the temperature ofthe catalyst becomes higher than the predetermined value.

The present invention is advantageous in that a heater for heating acatalyst is supplied with electric power, if the temperature of thecatalyst of an exhaust purifier at an instant at which the drive of anengine is requested is lower than a predetermined value, and in that theengine is started after the catalyst temperature exceeds thepredetermined value as a result of power supply to the heater, so thatthe exhaust purifier fully exhibits its purifying effect. Thus, batterycharging by which a vehicle is permitted to have improved powerperformances and increased cruising range is performed, without causingthe emission characteristics of the engine to be lowered.

Preferably, the operation of the engine for power generation is startedafter both activation of the catalyst and a warm-up operation of theengine are completed. Thus, the battery charging can be performedwithout causing the lowering of the emission characteristics, so thatthe power performances of the vehicle are improved and the cruisingrange thereof is increased. Further, the warm-up operation of the engineis conducted after completion of activation of the catalyst, in a statewhere the air-fuel ratio of a mixture is kept in the vicinity of thestoichiometric ratio at which a proper exhaust gas purifying effect isexhibited. This prevents the emission characteristics of the engine frombeing lowered due to a deviation of the air-fuel ratio from thestoichiometric ratio, even if the engine is operated in a cool state.

Moreover, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention inwhich the power generation by the internal combustion engine for batterycharging is continued if the storage amount of the battery at an instantat which the vehicle is stopped is lower than a predetermined value, thebattery storage amount necessary to start the vehicle running is alwaysmaintained, so that no difficulty is found in starting the vehiclerunning. When the engine is operated after stoppage of the vehiclerunning, information indicating that the engine is in operation may begiven. This clarifies that the engine operation after stoppage of thevehicle running is not caused by a failure of the vehicle, etc. Theengine operation after the stoppage of vehicle running may be finishedwhen the storage amount of the battery reaches a predetermined storageamount as a result of the engine operation, or when a predetermined timeperiod has elapsed from the start of the engine operation. This permitsreliable battery charging. Further, the engine operation after stoppageof vehicle running may be forcibly interrupted. This makes it possibleto complete, within an appropriate time period, the engine operationwhich is effected in an garage easily filled with exhaust gas, or theengine operation effected at night during which noise should besuppressed.

Another advantage of the present invention resides in that a heaterbattery for electric power supply to a heater for heating a catalyst isprovided separately from a vehicle drive battery for power supply to anelectric motor. This makes it possible to charge the catalyst heaterbattery preferentially to the charging of the vehicle drive battery.Thus, it is possible to always supply electric power from the catalystheater battery to the catalyst heater of the exhaust purifier, so thatthe catalyst of the purifier can be heated by the heater for activationof the catalyst at any time. Accordingly, if the storage amount of thevehicle drive battery is reduced, it is possible to charge the vehicledrive battery in a state where the purifying effect of the exhaust gaspurifier can be fully exhibited. Thus, no exhaust gas containingpollutant or noxious gases is discharged during the battery charging, sothat the exhaust gas purifying performance of the hybrid vehicle can beimproved. Moreover, the storage amount of the vehicle drive battery canbe increased by charging the same battery, so that the driveperformances of the vehicle can be improved and the cruising rangethereof can be increased.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the principal part of a hybridvehicle to which is applied an operating method for an internalcombustion engine for power generation according to a first embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a main routine for operation controlof an electric motor for vehicle drive, internal combustion engine forpower generation, and catalyst heater executed by a controller shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the detail of a running controlsubroutine shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the detail of an engine controlsubroutine shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 shows a characteristic curve illustrating the relationshipsbetween the accelerator pedal depression depth (Θ_(ACC)) and targetvehicle velocity (V_(T)) used in the running control subroutine;

FIG. 6 shows characteristic curves illustrating the relationshipsbetween the actual vehicle velocity (V_(v)), vehicle velocity difference(V_(v) -V_(T)), and vehicle body acceleration (α) used in the runningcontrol subroutine;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the principal part of a hybridvehicle to which is applied an operating method for an internalcombustion engine for power generation according to a second embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the detail of an engine controlsubroutine according to the second embodiment:

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the principal part of a hybridvehicle to which is applied an operating method for an internalcombustion engine for power generation according to a third embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a main routine for controlling operations ofan electric motor for vehicle drive, internal combustion engine forpower generation, and catalyst healer according to the thirdembodiment.;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing the detail of an engine controlsubroutine shown in FIG. 10; and

FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing the detail of a key-off subroutine shownin FIG. 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a hybrid vehicle is provided with a certain numberof electric motors (one of which is denoted by numeral 10) depending onits specifications. The electric motor 10, which is used as a drivesource for the vehicle, is formed of a DC or AC motor, and its outputshaft is operatively connected to driving wheels (not shown) of thevehicle through a power transmission mechanism (not shown) of thevehicle. The motor 10 is connected electrically to a battery 20 througha current control device 50 which operates under the control of acontroller 60. While the vehicle is running, the motor 10 normallydrives the vehicle as it receives power supply from the battery 20. Whenthe vehicle in decelerating operation, the motor 10 functions as anelectric generator to generate deceleration recovery power, with whichthe battery 20 is charged. Further, the electric motor 10 is fitted witha motor temperature sensor 11 for detecting the motor temperature. Also,the battery 20 is fitted with a battery capacity sensor 21 for detectinga parameter indicative of the battery capacity, e.g., battery voltagevalue.

The hybrid vehicle is further provided with an electric generator 30 forgenerating electric power for battery charging, and an internalcombustion engine 40 having an output shaft operatively connected to thegenerator shaft and serving to drive the generator 30. The generator 30,which is formed of a DC or AC generator, is connected electrically tothe battery 20 through the current control device 50. Thus, the battery20 is charged with electric power generated by the generator 30 duringthe operation of the engine 40. Further, the generator 30 is furnishedwith a control section (not shown), used to adjust the quantity ofgenerated power and stop power generation, and various sensors (notshown) for detecting generator operation information, including thetemperature, failed state, etc. of the generator. At the start of theengine operation, the generator 30 functions as a so-called starterwhich starts the internal combustion engine 40 when supplied withelectric power from the battery 20. Alternatively, an engine starter maybe provided separately from the generator 30. In this case, thegenerator 30 is used for power generation only.

The internal combustion engine 40 for power generation includes anengine body, formed of, e.g., a small lightweight piston engine, and anengine drive system (not shown). The engine drive system includes a fuelsupply system having a throttle valve, an ignition system, a fuelinjection system, and various actuators connected electrically to thecurrent control device 50, and is used for start and stop of the engine,engine speed control, throttle valve opening control. etc. An exhaustgas purifier 42 is attached to an exhaust pipe 41 which is connected toan exhaust port (not shown) of the engine 40 and is used to dischargeexhaust gas. The exhaust gas purifier 42 is composed of a catalyst forremoving pollutant or noxious gases, such as CO, NO_(x), etc., from theexhaust gas passing through the exhaust pipe 41, and anelectrically-heated catalyst heater which is connected to the battery 20through the current control device 50. When the catalyst is heated to beactivated by means of the heater, it can produce a very strong exhaustgas purifying effect. The exhaust gas purifier 42 is fitted with acatalyst temperature sensor 43 for detecting the catalyst temperature.Further, the engine 40 is provided with various sensors (not shown) fordetecting engine operation information, including the engine speed, airintake, throttle valve opening, etc. Reference numeral 44 denotes awater temperature gauge for detecting the temperature of engine coolingwater as a parameter representing the engine temperature. Alternatively,an oil temperature gauge may be used in place of the water temperaturegauge.

The current control device 50, which is located among the electric motor10, battery 20, generator 30, internal combustion engine 40, and thecatalyst heater of the exhaust gas purifier 42, as described above,serves to switch the electrical connections between the correspondingones of the aforesaid elements under the control of the controller 60,and to adjust the current value and direction of the power supplybetween the corresponding elements. The control device 50 includes, Forexample, an input section (not shown) for receiving current controldevice control signals from the controller 60, an adjustment section(not shown) which operates in response to a control output from theinput section for electrical connection switching and adjustment ofcurrent value and direction, and a power converter section (not shown)which operates in response to a control output from the adjustmentsection. The current control device 50 is provided with various sensors(not shown) for detecting the temperature, failed state, etc. of thedevice 50.

The controller 60 receives various kinds of operation information fromthe various components of the hybrid vehicle and the sensors, andcontrols the operations of the electric motor 10, internal combustionengine 40, and current control device 50. The controller 60 includes,for example, a processor (not shown) for executing control programs,which will be mentioned later, memories (not shown) for storing thecontrol programs, various data, etc., and interface circuits (not shown)for signal transfer between the controller 60 and the aforesaid variouscomponents and sensors.

Specifically, the controller 60 is connected electrically to the motortemperature sensor 11 attached to the electric motor 10, the batterycapacity sensor 21 attached to the battery 20, the catalyst temperaturesensor 43 attached to the exhaust gas purifier 42, and the varioussensors attached individually to the generator 30, internal combustionengine 40, and current control device 50. Also, the controller 60 isconnected electrically to various sensors (not shown) which are arrangedin the hybrid vehicle and used to detect vehicle operation information,such as the vehicle velocity, depth of accelerator pedal depression,etc. The controller 60 receives from these sensors a motor temperaturesignal, battery capacity signal, catalyst temperature signal, enginewater temperature signal generator operation information (e.g.,temperature and failed state of the generator 30), internal combustionengine operation information (e.g., rotation speed, air intake, andthrottle valve opening of the engine 40), current control deviceoperation information (e.g., failed state of current control device50),, and vehicle operation information. Based on the various signalsand information thus received, the controller 60 sets generator controlsignals associated with the control of the generator 30 for the quantityof generated power suspension of the power generation, etc., internalcombustion engine control signals associated with the control of theinternal combustion engine 40 for its starting, stopping, speed, etc.,and the current control device control signals associated with thecontrol of the current value, current supply direction, etc. for thepower supply between the aforesaid components which are connected to thecurrent control device 50. The controller 60 delivers these set controlsignals to the generator 30, engine 40, and current control device 50.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 to 8, operation control of the electric motor10, internal combustion engine 40, and exhaust gas purifier 42 by meansof the controller 60 will be described.

When a driver turns on a starter key to actuate the vehicle, theprocessor of the controller 60 discriminates the key-on operation, andstarts executing a main routine shown in FIG. 2. More specifically, theprocessor first executes key-on processes, including reading controldata, backed up at the end of the preceding vehicle running cycle, fromthe memories, checking the operating conditions of the variouscomponents of the hybrid vehicle, etc. (Step S1), and then executes arunning control subroutine shown in detail in FIG. 3 (Step S2).

in the running control subroutine shown in FIG. 3, the processor firstdetects an accelerator pedal depression depth Θ_(ACC) by reading theoutput of an accelerator pedal depression depth sensor (Step S21), andthen obtains a target vehicle velocity compatible with the depressiondepth Θ_(ACC) detected in Step S21, in accordance with operationalexpressions or lookup tables for setting the target vehicle velocity(Step S22). The expressions or tables, which correspond to acharacteristic curve (FIG. 5) indicative of the relationships betweenthe accelerator pedal depression depth Θ_(ACC) and the target vehiclevelocity V_(T), are previously described in the control programs orstored in the memories of the controller 60.

As shown in FIG. 5, the target vehicle velocity V_(T) is set so that itbecomes zero to prevent the vehicle from starting running in a firstdepression depth region where the accelerator pedal depression depthΘ_(ACC) takes a small value ranging from zero to Θ_(ACC1), and increasesfrom zero to V_(T2) to allow the vehicle slowly to start running as thedepression depth Θ_(ACC) increases in a second depression depth regionwhere the depression depth Θ_(ACC) takes a relatively small valueranging from Θ_(ACC1) to Θ_(ACC2). In a third depression depth regionwhere the depression depth Θ_(ACC) exceeds Θ_(ACC2), moreover, thetarget vehicle velocity V_(T) increases from V_(T2), at a rate higherthan the increasing rate for the second region, to allow normal vehiclerunning as the depression depth Θ_(ACC) increases.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the processor of the controller 60 reads theoutput of a vehicle velocity sensor to detect an actual vehicle velocityV_(v) (Step S23) after setting the target vehicle velocity V_(T), andthen computes a motor current supply (required motor driving currentamount) I (Step S24). In computing the motor current supply I, theprocessor first calculates a vehicle velocity difference (=V_(v) -V_(T))on the basis of the actual vehicle velocity V_(v) detected in Step S23and the target vehicle velocity V_(T) set in Step S22, and then sets arequired vehicle body acceleration α, which is compatible with thepreviously detected actual vehicle velocity V_(v) and the previouslycalculated vehicle velocity difference (=V_(v) -V_(T)), in accordancewith operational expressions or lookup tables for setting the requiredvehicle body acceleration, which correspond to characteristic curves(FIG. 6) indicative of the relationships between the actual vehiclevelocity, the vehicle velocity difference and the required vehicle bodyacceleration.

As shown in FIG. 6, the required vehicle body acceleration α takes anegative value, which is indicative of the necessity of deceleratingoperation of the vehicle, if the actual vehicle velocity V_(v) is higherthan the target vehicle velocity V_(T), and therefore, the vehiclevelocity difference is positive. If the vehicle velocity difference isnegative, on the other hand, the acceleration α takes a positive valuewhich is indicative of the necessity of acceleration operation. Theabsolute value of the acceleration α increases in proportion to theactual vehicle velocity even though the absolute value of the vehiclevelocity difference is fixed.

After setting the required vehicle body acceleration α in this manner,the processor computes a required motor output Ps in accordance with anoperational expression, Ps=[{C·A·(V_(v))² +μ·W+a·W/g}·V_(v) ]/(K1·η),where C, A, V_(v), μ, W, α and η are the air resistance, front projectedarea, actual velocity, rolling coefficient of resistance, overallweight, required body acceleration, and power transmissibility,respectively, of the vehicle. Further, g and K1 are the acceleration ofgravity and unit conversion factor, respectively, and the factor K1 isadjusted to, e.g., 270. The above operational expression is adapted forthe case where the road has no gradient. Instead of making thecomputation according to this expression, in setting the required motoroutput, a lookup table for setting the motor output may be used forreference.

Then, the processor computes the required driving current value (motorcurrent supply) I in accordance with an operational expression,I=(K2·Ps)/(ηMTR·V), where K2, Ps, ηMTR and V are a unit conversionfactor, required motor output, motor efficiency of the motor 10, andmotor operating voltage of the motor 10, respectively, and the factor K2is adjusted to, e.g., 735.

In Step S25, the processor delivers a control signal indicative of therequired motor driving current value I to the current control device 50.In response to this control signal, the control device 50 performs, forexample, duty control such that a motor driving current of the value Iis supplied from the battery 20 to the electric motor 10 through thedevice 50. As a result, the actual vehicle velocity V_(v) increases ordecreases to or kept at the value of the target vehicle velocity V_(T).If the accelerator pedal depression depth is greater than the valueΘ_(ACC1) immediately after the starter key is turned on, therefore, themotor 10 is actuated to allow the vehicle to start running.

Referring again to FIG. 2, the processor of the controller 60 reads thebattery capacity signal from the battery capacity sensor 21 after therunning control subroutine (Step S2) is finished, and determines, inaccordance with the read signal, whether or not the storage amount ofthe battery 20 is smaller than a predetermined necessary amount for theelectric motor 10 to cause the vehicle to run satisfactorily (Step S3).If the result of decision in this step is NO, that Is, if the batterystorage amount is not smaller than the predetermined storage amount sothat the battery 20 need not be charged, the processor delivers aninternal combustion engine control signal for an instruction to stop theinternal combustion engine 40 to the engine drive system (Step S4). As aresult, the engine 40 is kept in a stopped state when its operation issuspended, and the engine operation is stopped when the engine isoperating. Thus, exhaust gas can be prevented from being produced byuseless engine operation.

In Step S5, the processor determines whether the starter key is turnedoff or not. If the result of decision in this step is NO, the processorreturns to the aforesaid running control subroutine (Step S2). If it isconcluded that the starter key is turned off, on the other hand, theprocessor executes key-off processes, including writing control data ina backup memory, checking the operating conditions of the variouscomponents of the hybrid vehicle, etc. (Step S6), whereupon the mainroutine is finished.

The battery storage amount may become smaller than the predeterminedamount while the aforementioned series of processes of Steps S2 to S5 isrepeated without turning off the starter key so that the requireddriving current is supplied to the electric motor 10 as the vehicleruns. In this case, the battery 20 must be charged. If It is concludedin Step S3 that the battery charging is necessary, the processor readsthe catalyst temperature signal from the catalyst temperature sensor 48,and determines, in accordance with the read signal, whether or not thecatalyst temperature is lower than a predetermined necessary temperaturefor satisfactory activation of the catalyst (Step S7). If the result ofdecision in this step is YES, and therefore, exhaust gas containingpollutant or noxious gases may possibly be discharged from the internalcombustion engine 40 when the engine is operated, the processor deliversthe engine control signal for the instruction to stop the engine to theengine drive system (Step S8), thereby maintaining the stopped state ofthe engine 40 or stopping the engine operation when the engine isoperating. Thus, if the catalyst temperature lowers from any causeduring the engine operation, the engine operation is stopped.

In Step S9, the processor delivers a control signal for an instructionfor current supply to the catalyst heater of the exhaust gas purifier 42to the current control device 50. In response to this control signal,the current control device 50 operates so that a heating current issupplied from the battery 20 to the heater. Accordingly, the heater isenergized to heat the catalyst. After the instruction for the currentsupply to the heater is given, the processor determines again whetherthe starter key is turned off or not (Step S5). If the key is not turnedoff, the processor returns to Step S2, and then repeatedly executes theaforesaid series of processes of Steps S2, S3, S7, S8, S9 and S5.

If it is concluded in Step S7, thereafter, that the catalyst temperaturereached to a predetermined temperature, and therefore, the exhaust gaspurifier 42 is in an operating state such that the pollutant or noxiousgases can be removed from the exhaust gas by the exhaust gas purifyingeffect of the catalyst, the processor delivers a control signal for aninstruction to stop the current supply to the catalyst heater to thecurrent control device 50 (Step S10). As a result, the current supply tothe heater is stopped. Then, the processor executes an engine controlsubroutine shown in detail in FIG. 4 (Step S11).

In the engine control subroutine shown in FIG. 4, the processordetermines whether the internal combustion engine 40 is operating ornot, with reference to the contents of the memories of the controller 60which indicate whether an engine control signal for an instruction tooperate the engine is delivered or not (Step S111). If the result ofdecision in this step is NO, the processor delivers a current controldevice control signal for an instruction to start the engine to thecurrent control device 50 (Step S112). As a result, the control device50 operates so that a required driving current is supplied from thebattery 20 to the starter (generator 30) through the device 50.Accordingly, the internal combustion engine 40 is started by means ofthe generator 30 which serves as the starter. As a result, warm-upoperation of the engine 40 is started.

In Step S5 of the main routine (FIG. 2) which follows the engine controlsubroutine, it is determined again whether the starter key is turned offor not. If the result of decision in this step is YES, the key-offprocesses are executed in Step S6, whereupon the execution of the mainroutine 1s finished. If it is concluded in Step S5 that the starter keyis not off, the process of Step S2 (running control subroutine) and thesubsequent processes are executed again in the aforesaid manner. Sincethe internal combustion engine 40 is already started in the previousengine control subroutine, it is concluded in Step S111 of the enginecontrol subroutine (Step S11), executed again following the series ofprocesses of Steps S2, S3, S7 and S10, that the engine is operating.

In this case, the processor of the controller 60 reads the output of thewater temperature gauge 44, i.e., the engine water temperature signal,and a predetermined value of engine cooling water temperature which isset beforehand and represents a state of the engine 40 in which warm-upoperation is completed, from the memory of the controller 60, and thendetermines whether the output of the water temperature gauge takes avalue greater than or equal to the predetermined value (Step S113). Ifthe result of decision in this step is NO, that is, if the warm-upoperation of the engine 40 is not yet completed, the processor sets atarget throttle valve opening Θ_(TRG) to a first predetermined openingΘ_(Low) for carrying out the warm-up operation of the engine 40 (StepS114). The first predetermined opening Θ_(Low) is preset to a smallvalue such that the warm-up operation of the engine is carried out in anengine operation region in which both the engine load and the enginerotation speed are low, for example, in an idle operation region.

If the result of decision in Step S113 is YES, that is, if it isconcluded that the warm-up operation of the engine is completed, thetarget throttle valve opening Θ_(TRG) is set to a second predeterminedopening Θ_(HIGH) for operating the engine for the battery charging (StepS115). Accordingly, when completion of the warm-up operation isdiscriminated for the first time, engine operation for causing thegenerator 30 to effect power generation is started. The secondpredetermined opening Θ_(HIGH) is set to a value greater than the firstpredetermined opening Θ_(LOW), and therefore, the engine operation forpower generation is carried out in a region wherein the engine load andthe engine rotation speed are greater than those during the warm-upoperation. During the engine operation for power generation, theprocessor supplies a generator control signal indicating an amount ofpower to be generated to a generator control section, and a currentcontrol device control signal for an instruction to charge the batterywith generated power to the current control device 50.

The processor further detects a present actual throttle valve openingΘ_(TH) on the basis of the output of the throttle valve opening sensor,and then determines whether the detected present throttle opening Θ_(TH)exceeds the target throttle valve opening Θ_(TRG) set in Step S114 orS115 (Step S116). If the result of decision in this step is NO, theprocessor delivers an engine control signal for an instruction toactuate the throttle valve in a direction to open the same to the enginedrive system (Step S117). If, on the other hand, it is concluded in StepS116 that the present throttle valve opening Θ_(TRG) is greater than thetarget throttle valve opening Θ_(TRG), the processor delivers an enginecontrol signal for an instruction to actuate the throttle valve in adirection to close the same to the engine drive system (Step S118). As aresult the throttle valve of the internal combustion engine 40 is openedor closed to the target throttle valve opening Θ_(TRG) by the throttlevalve actuating mechanism, in accordance with the result of decision inStep S96, and the engine 40 is operated with the throttle valve openingthus set.

Then, in Step S119, which is executed following Step S117 wherein thethrottle valve is actuated toward the open position, or Step S118wherein the throttle valve is actuated toward the closed position,normal engine controls including ignition timing control, fuel injectioncontrol. etc. are carried out, whereupon the engine control subroutineis finished and the flow returns to the main routine. During the warm-upoperation of the engine, the fuel injection control is carried out inStep S119 such that the air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to theengine 40 becomes close to a stoichiometric ratio, whereby the exhaustgas purifier 42 can provide a satisfactory purifying effect during thewarm-up operation and a lowering of the emission characteristics isreduced when the engine is in a cool state.

When it is concluded in Step S5 of the main routine that the starter keyis not turned off, the flow returns to Step S2 (running controlsubroutine). On the other hand, if it is concluded that the starter keyis off, the aforementioned key-off processes are executed (Step S6), andthe execution of the main routine is finished.

The following is a summary of the above-described operation control ofthe various components of the hybrid vehicle by means of the controller60. When the starter key is turned on, computation of the current supplyto the electric motor 10 and control of the motor current supply arestarted, and this motor control is carried out periodically, thereafter.As a result, the hybrid vehicle, which uses the motor 10 as its drivesource, runs. If the storage amount of the battery 20 is sufficientwhile the vehicle is running, the operation of the internal combustionengine 40 for driving the generator 30 is stopped, so that unnecessarydischarge of exhaust gas can be prevented. If there is a possibility ofthe battery storage amount becoming insufficient, the engine 40 isstarted to cause the generator 30 to generate electric power, so thatthe battery 20 is charged with the generated power. If the catalysttemperature measured before starting the engine operation is lower thanthe necessary temperature for the activation of the catalyst, thecatalyst heater is energized to heat the catalyst. When the activationof the catalyst is complete, the engine 40 is warmed up in an idlingstate, while controlling the fuel supply to the engine 40 such that theair-fuel ratio of the mixture becomes close to the stoichiometric ratio,for example. When it is concluded based on the output of the watertemperature gauge that the warm-up operation is completed, the engine 40is operated for the power generation, with the engine load and theengine rotation speed maintained at increased values. Namely, the engineoperation for power generation is started when both the activation ofthe catalyst and the warm-up operation of the engine are completed,whereby the battery is charged. Since such battery charging is carriedout every time the vehicle runs, the power supply from the battery 20alone can normally enable the vehicle to run before heating the catalystis completed after the start of the vehicle running. When the catalystheating is completed the battery can be charged as required. Normally,therefore, the hybrid vehicle never finds it difficult to run in thecourse of its running. When the starter key is turned off thereafter,the aforementioned motor control is terminated and the vehicle runningby means of the electric motor 10 is stopped. If the engine is operatingwhen the starter key is turned off, the engine control is terminated atthe same time that the starter key is turned off, and therefore, thepower generation by the engine is stopped.

An operating method for a hybrid vehicle according to a secondembodiment of the present invention will be now described.

As shown in FIG. 7, the hybrid vehicle to which the method according tothis embodiment is applied is characterized In that it has a battery(second battery) 70 for the heater, In addition to the battery (firstbattery) 20 for vehicle drive. For other parts, this hybrid vehicle hasan arrangement identical with that of the hybrid vehicle shown in FIG.1, and therefore, explanation of the arrangement and operation of thehybrid vehicle is partly omitted.

The second battery serves to supply electric power to the catalystheater through the current control device 50, and is charged withelectric power supplied from the generator 30 through the currentcontrol device 50. A second battery capacity sensor 71, similar to thefirst battery capacity sensor 21, is attached to the second battery 70and connected to the controller 60.

The operation control for the electric motor 10, internal combustionengine 40, and exhaust gas purifier 42, executed by the controller 60,will be described. The control method according to this embodiment isexecuted basically in the same manner as in the first embodiment, inaccordance with the main routine shown in FIG. 2 and the running controlsubroutine shown in FIG. 3. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the enginecontrol subroutine differs from that shown in FIG. 4. Accordingly,detailed description will be made only with regard to the engine controlsubroutine.

In the engine control subroutine shown in FIG. 8, the processordetermines whether the internal combustion engine 40 is operating, withreference to the contents of the memories of the controller 60representing whether an engine control signal for an instruction forengine operation has been delivered (Step S211). If the result ofdecision in this step is NO, the processor carries out various controlsfor engine start (Step S212).

For example, the processor delivers a current control device controlsignal for an instruction to start a fuel pump (not shown) to thecurrent control device 50. Also, the processor delivers an enginecontrol signal for an instruction to actuate the throttle valve by arequired angle in a required direction as determined by a currentthrottle valve opening obtained based on the output of a throttle valveopening sensor and a predetermined throttle valve opening for enginestartup, to a throttle valve actuating mechanism of the engine drivesystem including a pulse motor, for example. As a result, the currentcontrol device 50 operates such that a required driving current issupplied from the first battery 20 or the second battery 70 to a fuelpump drive motor (not shown) through the current control device 50,thereby starting the fuel pump, and the throttle valve is positioned ata predetermined angular position for engine startup.

Then, the processor delivers a current control device control signal foran instruction to start the engine to the current control device 50(Step S213). As a result, the control device 50 operates so that arequired driving current is supplied from the first battery 20 or thesecond battery 70 to the starter (generator 30) through the device 50.Accordingly, the internal combustion engine 40 is started by means ofthe generator 30 which serves as the starter. Thus, the generator 30 isdriven by the engine 40 to start the power generation.

After the engine is started, the processor carries out normal enginecontrols, including ignition timing control, fuel injection control,etc. (Step S214), and then determines whether the storage amount of thesecond battery 70 is greater than a predetermined storage amountnecessary to supply required electric power to the catalyst heater (StepS215). If the result of decision in this step is NO, that is, if thestorage amount of the second battery is smaller than the predeterminedstorage amount, the processor delivers a current control device controlsignal for an instruction to charge the second battery 70 to the currentcontrol device 50, and also delivers a generator control signalrepresenting an amount of power to be generated to the generator controlsection. If it is concluded in Step S215 that the storage amount of thesecond battery is greater than the predetermined storage amount, theprocessor delivers a current control device control signal for aninstruction to charge the first battery 20 and a generator controlsignal representing a power generation amount. Thus, even in the casewhere it is concluded in Step S3 of the main routine that the firstbattery 20 for vehicle drive need be charged, the second battery 70 forthe catalyst heater is charged preferentially to the first battery 20when the second battery 20 need be charged. Since the second battery 70is preferentially charged, immediately after the vehicle starts running,it is normally concluded in Step S215 that the storage amount of thesecond battery is greater than the predetermined storage amount, andtherefore, the first battery 20 is charged.

After the engine control subroutine is completed, it is again determinedin Step S5 of the main routine (FIG. 2) whether the starter key is off.If the result of decision in this step is YES, the key-off processes areexecuted in Step S6, whereupon the execution of the main routine isterminated. If it is concluded in Step S5 that the starter key is notoff, the process of Step S2 (running control subroutine) and thesubsequent processes are executed again in the aforesaid manner. Sincethe internal combustion engine 40 is already started in the previousengine control subroutine, it is concluded in Step S211 of the enginecontrol subroutine (Step S21), executed again following the series ofprocesses of Steps S2, S3, S7 and S1O, that the engine is operating.

In this case, the processor of the controller 60 reads out the presettarget throttle opening Θ_(TRG), detects the present throttle openingΘ_(TH) based on the output of the throttle valve opening sensor, andthen determines whether the present throttle valve opening Θ_(TH) isgreater than the target throttle valve opening Θ_(TRG) (Step S218). Ifthe result of decision in this step is NO, the processor delivers anengine control signal for an instruction to actuate the throttle valvein the direction to open the same, to the engine drive system (StepS219). If it is concluded in Step S218 that the throttle valve openingΘ_(TH) is greater than the target throttle valve opening Θ_(TRG), theprocessor delivers an engine control signal for an instruction toactuate the throttle valve in the direction to close the same, to theengine drive system (Step S220). As a result, the throttle valve of theinternal combustion engine 40 is opened or closed by the throttle valveactuating mechanism, in accordance with the result of decision in StepS218. Then, in Step S214, which is executed following Step S219 whereinthe throttle valve is actuated toward the open position, or Step S220wherein the throttle valve is actuated toward the closed position, theaforementioned normal engine controls are carried out, and the firstbattery 20 or the second battery 70 is charged (Step S216 or S217).

On returning to the main routine after the engine control subroutine isfinished, the key-off processes are carried out (Step S6) or the runningcontrol subroutine is executed (Step S2), in accordance with the resultof decision in Step S5 of the main routine relating to the starter keyposition, as previously explained.

The following is a summary of the above-described operation control ofthe various components of the hybrid vehicle by means of the controller60. When the starter key is turned on, computation of the current supplyto the electric motor 10 and control of the motor current supply arestarted, and this motor control is carried out periodically, thereafter.As a result, the hybrid vehicle, which uses the motor 10 as its drivesource, runs. If the storage amount of the first battery 20 for vehicledrive is sufficient while the vehicle is running, the operation of theinternal combustion engine 40 for driving the generator 30 is stopped,so that unnecessary discharge of exhaust gas can be prevented. If thereis a possibility that the storage amount of the first battery 20 or thesecond battery 70 for the catalyst heater become insufficient, theengine 40 is started to cause the generator 30 to generate electricpower, so that the battery 20 or 70 is charged with the generated power.In this case, the second battery 70 is preferentially charged. If thecatalyst temperature measured before starting the engine operation islower than the necessary temperature for the activation of the catalyst,the catalyst heater is energized to heat the catalyst. Since suchbattery charging is carried out every time the vehicle runs, the powersupply from the first battery 20 alone can normally enable the vehicleto run before heating the catalyst is completed after the start of thevehicle running. If the storage amount of the first battery 20 isgreatly reduced from any cause, the catalyst heater can always besupplied with electric power from the second battery to heat timecatalyst since the storage amount of the second battery 70 is constantlymaintained at a level above the predetermined storage amount.Accordingly, with the catalyst activated by heating, the first battery20 can be charged as required, without discharging exhaust gascontaining pollutant or noxious gases. Normally, therefore, nodifficulty arises when running the hybrid vehicle. Thus, since the firstbattery 20 can be charged at any time, the storage amount of the firstbattery 20 can be maintained at a required amount, whereby the powerperformances of the vehicle using the electric motor as its drive sourceare improved and also the cruising range is increased.

When the starter key is turned off thereafter, the aforesaid motorcontrol is terminated and the vehicle running by means of the electricmotor 10 is stopped. If the engine is operating when the starter key isturned off, the engine control mentioned above is terminated the sametime that the starter key is turned off, thus stopping the engineoperation.

The battery charging may be carried out using electric power suppliedexternally, instead of the electric power generated by the generator 30driven by the engine 40. Also in such case, the second battery 70 ischarged preferentially to the first battery 20, as in the case ofcharging the batteries with the generated power.

An operating method for a hybrid vehicle according to a third embodimentof the present invention will be now described.

A major feature of the method according to this embodiment lies in thatthe battery charging is available even after the vehicle running isstopped. To this end, a hybrid vehicle to which the method of thisembodiment is applied is provided with an engine stop switch 80 and analarm lamp 90, as shown in FIG. 9, and the alarm lamp 90 serves toinform the driver that the engine 40 is operating for the batterycharging after the vehicle running is stopped. The switch 80 and thelamp 90 are connected to the controller 60. Except for these features,the hybrid vehicle shown in FIG. 9 has a similar arrangement to thatshown in FIG. 1, and therefore, description of the arrangement andoperation of the hybrid vehicle is partly omitted.

The operation control for the electric motor 10, internal combustionengine 40, and exhaust gas purifier 42, executed by the controller 60,will be described. The control method according to this embodiment isexecuted basically in the same manner as in the first embodiment, inaccordance with a main routine (FIG. 10) similar to that shown in FIG. 2and the running control subroutine shown in FIG. 3. The main routine ofFIG. 10 differs from that of FIG. 2 in that it does not have a stepcorresponding to Step S4 for the engine stop, and includes a key-offsubroutine S305, in place of Step S6 for the key-off processes. Further,as seen from FIG. 11, the engine control subroutine (S310) differs fromthat shown in FIG. 4. Accordingly, the following description is focusedon the key-off subroutine S305 and the engine control subroutine S310.key-on processes and the running control subroutine S302, if it isconcluded that the storage amount of the battery 20 is not smaller thanthe predetermined storage amount, the processor of the controller 60determines whether the starter key is off (Step S304). If the result ofdecision in this step is NO, the program returns to the running controlsubroutine (Step S302). If, on the other hand, it is concluded that thestarter key is off, the processor executes the key-off subroutinedescribed in detail later (Step S305), and the main routine is finished.

While the vehicle is running thereafter, if it is concluded in Step S303that the battery storage amount is smaller than the predeterminedstorage amount, and if It is concluded in the subsequent Step S306 thatthe catalyst temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature,the processor successively delivers a control signal for an instructionto supply current to the catalyst heater and an engine control signalfor an instruction to stop the engine (Steps S307 and S308). As aresult, the catalyst is heated and the operation of the internalcombustion engine 40 is stopped. Then, If It is concluded in Step S304that the starter key is not off, the program returns to Step S2.

If it is concluded thereafter in Step S306 that the catalyst temperaturehas reached the predetermined temperature, the processor delivers acontrol signal for an instruction to stop the current supply to thecatalyst heater (Step S309), and executes the engine control subroutine(Step S310).

Referring now to the engine control subroutine shown in FIG. 11, if Itis concluded in Step S411 that the internal combustion engine 40 is notoperating, the processor carries out the various controls for enginestartup in Step S412 corresponding to Step S212 in FIG. 8, and deliversa current control device control signal for an instruction to start theengine (Step S413). As a result, the generator 80 is driven by theengine 40 to start the power generation.

After the present cycle of the engine control subroutine is completed inthis manner, if it is concluded in Step S304 of the main routine thatthe starter key is off, the key-off subroutine (Step S305) is executed.On the other hand, If it is concluded in Step S304 that the starter keyis not off, the running control subroutine and the subsequent processesare executed, as described above. Since the internal combustion engine40 is already started in the previous engine control subroutine, it isconcluded in Step S411 of the engine control subroutine (Step S310) thatthe engine is operating.

In this case, the processor of the controller 60 determines whether thepresent throttle valve opening Θ_(TH) greater than the target throttlevalve opening Θ_(TRG) (Step S414). In accordance with the result ofdecision in this step, the processor delivers an engine control signalfor an instruction to actuate the throttle valve so as to increase ordecrease the valve opening (Step S415 or S416), whereby the throttlevalve opening is controlled to the target opening Θ_(TRG). The targetopening Θ_(TRG) is set to such a value that the engine 40 is operated ina high-efficiency operation region at a rotation speed of, e.g., about3000 rpm. Then, in Step S417, which is executed following Step 415 orS416, the normal engine controls including ignition timing control, fuelinjection control, etc. are carried out.

On returning to the main routine after the engine control subroutine iscompleted the key-off subroutine (Step S305) or the running controlsubroutine (Step S302) is executed, in accordance with the result ofdecision in Step S304 of the main routine, as previously mentioned.

In the key-off subroutine shown in detail in FIG. 12, the processorfirst determines whether the storage amount of the battery 20 is smallerthan the predetermined storage amount (Step S501). If the result ofdecision in this step is NO, that is, if the battery charging is notnecessary, the processor delivers an engine control signal for aninstruction to stop the internal combustion engine 40 to the enginedrive system, and sets an engine operation timer flag F_(TIME) to "0"which indicates that the engine operation time elapsed from a stoppageof the vehicle is not being measured (Step S502). As a result, theinternal combustion engine 40 is held in a stopped state if the engineis already stopped, and the engine operation is stopped if the engine 40is operating. Further, the processor executes the key-off processes,including writing of control data in the backup memories, checking ofoperating conditions of the various components of the hybrid vehicle,etc. (Step S503), whereupon the key-off subroutine is terminated.

If the result of decision in Step S501 is YES, that is, if the batterycharging is necessary, the processor determines whether the engine stopswitch 80 is on, by detecting the on/off position of the switch 80 (StepS504). If the switch 80 is on and, therefore, the driver wishes toprohibit the engine from being operated after stoppage of the vehiclefor some reason, e.g., in an emergency, starting or continuous operationof the engine is forcibly interrupted and the key-off processes arecarried out (Steps S502 and S503) even though it is concluded in StepS501 that the battery charging is necessary, and the key-off subroutineis finished.

After concluding in Step S501 that the battery charging is necessary, ifit is concluded in Step S504 that the engine stop switch 80 is off, theprocessor determines whether the value of the engine operation timerflag F_(TIME) is "1" which indicates that the engine operation timeelapsed from stoppage of the vehicle is being measured (Step S505).Immediately after the key-off subroutine is executed, the flag F_(TIME)is set to "0" and accordingly, the result of decision in Step S505becomes NO. In this case, the processor sets the flag F_(TIME) to "1"and resets and starts an engine operation timer T, which measures theengine operation time elapsed from stoppage of the vehicle (Step S506).The processor then determines whether the time measured by the timer Thas reached a predetermined engine operation time T_(SET) after thestoppage of the vehicle (Step S507).

Since the predetermined time T_(SET) is not reached immediately afterthe engine operation timer T is reset, the result of decision in StepS507 becomes NO. In this case, the processor delivers an alarm output tothe alarm lamp 9 to light the same, thereby informing the driver thatthe continued operation of the engine after the stoppage of the vehicleis not due to a vehicle trouble or the like (Step S508). Then, theprocessor executes an engine control subroutine similar to that shown inFIG. 11 (Step S509), whereby the operation of the engine 40 is startedto charge the battery 20.

The aforementioned series of Steps S501, S504, S505 and S507 isthereafter repeatedly executed, so that the battery charging by means ofengine operation is continued. If it is concluded in Step S501 that thepredetermined battery storage amount is reached, or if it is concludedin Step S507 that the predetermined time T_(SET) is reached, thecontinued operation of the engine is stopped and the key-off processesare carried out (Steps S502 and S503), whereupon the key-off subroutineis terminated. If the engine stop switch 80 is turned on before thepredetermined battery storage amount is reached or before thepredetermined time T_(SET) is reached, the engine operation is forciblystopped and thus the battery charging is also stopped (Step S502).

The following is a summary of the above-described operation control ofthe various components of the hybrid vehicle by means of the controller60. When the starter key is turned on, computation of the current supplyto the electric motor 10 and control of the motor current supply arestarted, and this motor control is carried out periodically, thereafter.As a result, the hybrid vehicle, which uses the motor 10 as its drivesource, runs. If the storage amount of the battery 20 for vehicle driveis sufficient while the vehicle is running, the operation of theinternal combustion engine 40 for driving the generator 30 1s stopped,so that unnecessary discharge of exhaust gas can be prevented. If thereis a possibility of the storage amount of the battery 20 becominginsufficient, the engine 40 is started to cause the generator 30 togenerate electric power, so that the battery 20 is charged with thegenerated power. If the catalyst temperature measured before startingthe engine operation is lower than the necessary temperature for theactivation of the catalyst, the catalyst heater is energized to heat thecatalyst. When the starter key is turned off thereafter, the aforesaidmotor control is terminated to stop the vehicle running by means of theelectric motor 10, and then it is determined in the key-off subroutinewhether the battery storage amount is smaller than the predeterminedstorage amount. If the predetermined battery storage amount is notreached, the battery is charged up to the predetermined storage amount,whereby the battery charging is reliably carried out. Since such batterycharging is carried out as required every time the vehicle running isstopped, the power supply from the battery 20 alone vehicle normallyenable the vehicle to run when the vehicle starts running next. Further,since the storage amount of the battery can be maintained at a requiredamount, the power performances of the vehicle are improved and also thecruising range is increased. The engine operation for the batterycharging is continued for a predetermined time. When the engine stopswitch, which is provided separately from the starter key, is turned onby the driver, starting or continued operation of the engine forcharging the battery after stoppage of the vehicle is forcibly stopped.

The present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, andvarious modifications can be made.

For example, although in the first embodiment, completion of the warm-upoperation of the engine 40 is detected when the output of the watertemperature gauge reaches the predetermined value, such determinationmay be made by using an oil temperature gauge, instead of the watertemperature gauge. Further, the time elapsed from the start of thewarm-up operation may be measured, so that completion of the warm-upoperation is detected when a predetermined time has elapsed from thestart of the warm-up operation.

In the second embodiment, the necessity for charging the battery for thecatalyst heater is discriminated only when it is concluded that thebattery for vehicle drive need be charged, in the main routine which isexecuted when the starter key is turned on. Alternatively, the necessityfor charging the battery for the catalyst heater may be periodicallydiscriminated in the main routine.

Furthermore, in the third embodiment, the alarm lamp is lighted to giveinformation that the engine operated for the battery charging afterstoppage of the vehicle running. Alternatively, an alarm buzzer may beused, for example.

What is claimed is:
 1. An operating method for a hybrid car which has anelectric motor for driving the vehicle, a battery for supplying electricpower to the electric motor, a generator for charging the battery, aninternal combustion engine operatively isolated from the electric motorand used to drive the generator, a starter for starting the internalcombustion engine, and an exhaust gas purifier, said method comprisingthe steps of:determining by a controller whether drive of the internalcombustion engine is requested; detecting the temperature of an exhaustpurifying catalyst of the exhaust gas purifier by means of a catalysttemperature sensor; determining whether the detected temperature of thecatalyst is lower than a predetermined value; and executing a series ofsteps under the control of the controller when it is determined that thedrive of the engine is requested and that the temperature of thecatalyst is lower than the predetermined value, said series of stepsincluding:stopping the internal combustion engine; supplying electricpower to an electric heater for heating the catalyst, thereby heatingthe electric heater; and starting the internal combustion engine by thestarter when the temperature of the catalyst becomes higher than thepredetermined value.
 2. An operating method for a hybrid car accordingto claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated in anoperating condition in which an amount of fuel consumed by the internalcombustion engine is small.
 3. An operating method for a hybrid caraccording to claim 1, wherein said battery comprises a vehicle drivebattery for supplying electric power to the electric motor and a heaterbattery for supplying electric power to said electric heater.
 4. Anoperating method for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric motor fordriving the vehicle, a battery for supplying electric power to theelectric motor, a generator for charging the battery, an internalcombustion engine operatively isolated from the electric motor and usedto drive the generator, a starter for starting the internal combustionengine, and an exhaust gas purifier, said method comprising the stepsof:determining by a controller whether drive of the internal combustionengine is requested; detecting the temperature of an exhaust purifyingcatalyst of the exhaust gas purifier by a catalyst temperature sensor;determining whether the detected temperature of the catalyst is lowerthan a predetermined value; and executing a series of steps under thecontrol of the controller when it is determined that the drive of theengine is requested and that the temperature of the catalyst is lowerthan the predetermined value, said series of steps including:stoppingthe internal combustion engine; supplying electric power to an electricheater for heating the catalyst, thereby heating the electric heater;starting the internal combustion engine by the starter when thetemperature of the catalyst becomes higher than the predetermined value;determining whether the internal combustion engine has warmed up; andwherein power generation of the generator by the internal combustionengine is started when it is determined that the internal combustionengine has warmed up.
 5. An operating method for a hybrid vehicleaccording to claim 4, wherein said step for determining furthercomprises the substep of comparing a coolant temperature of the internalcombustion engine with a second predetermined value to determine whetherthe internal combustion engine has warmed up.
 6. A system for operatinga hybrid car having an electric motor for driving the hybrid carcomprising:a battery for supplying electric power to the electric motor;a generator for charging said battery; an internal combustion engineoperatively isolated from the electric motor for driving said generator;a starter for starting said internal combustion engine; an exhaust gaspurifier; a catalyst temperature sensor for detecting the temperature ofan exhaust purifying catalyst of said exhaust gas purifier; an electricheater for heating said exhaust purifying catalyst; and a controller fordetermining whether a drive of said internal combustion engine isrequested and determining whether the temperature detected by saidcatalyst temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined value, saidcontroller stops said internal combustion engine, supplies electricpower to said electric heater when the drive of said internal combustionengine is requested and the temperature of said exhaust purifyingcatalyst is lower than said predetermined value and starts said internalcombustion engine by said starter when the drive of said internalcombustion engine is requested and the temperature of said exhaustpurifying catalyst becomes higher than said predetermined value.
 7. Asystem for operating a hybrid car according to claim 6, wherein saidinternal combustion engine is operated in an operating condition inwhich an amount of fuel consumed by said internal combustion engine issmall.
 8. A system for operating a hybrid car according to claim 6,wherein said battery comprises a vehicle drive battery for supplyingelectric power to the electric motor and a heater battery for supplyingelectric power to said electric heater.
 9. A system for operating ahybrid car having an electric motor for driving the hybrid car,comprising:a battery for supplying electric power to the electric motor;a generator for charging said battery; an internal combustion engineoperatively isolated from the electric motor for driving said generator;a starter for starting said internal combustion engine; an exhaust gaspurifier; a catalyst temperature sensor for detecting the temperature ofan exhaust purifying catalyst of said exhaust gas purifier; an electricheater for heating said exhaust purifying catalyst; and a controller fordetermining whether a drive of said internal combustion engine isrequested and determining whether the temperature detected by saidcatalyst temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined value, saidcontroller stops said internal combustion engine, supplies electricpower to said electric heater when the drive of said internal combustionengine is requested and the temperature of said exhaust purifyingcatalyst is lower than said predetermined value and starts said internalcombustion engine by said starter when the drive of said internalcombustion engine is requested and the temperature of said exhaustpurifying catalyst becomes higher than said predetermined value,determines whether said internal combustion engine has warmed up, andstarts power generation of said generator by said internal combustionengine, when said controller determines that said internal combustionengine has warmed up.
 10. A system for operating a hybrid car accordingto claim 9, wherein said controller compares a coolant temperature ofsaid internal combustion engine with a second predetermined value todetermine said warm up of said internal combustion engine.